1. Ansink A.: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Dermatol 1996; 15:51.
2. Beller U., Quinn M.A., Benedet J.L., Creasman W.T., Ngan H., Maisonneuve P., Pecorelli S., Odicino F., Heintz A.: Cancer of the vulva. FIGO 6th annual report on the results of treatment in gynecological cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006; 95 Suppl. 1:S7-27
3. Chang A.E., Karnell L.H., Menck H.R.: The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer 1998; 83:1664-78
4. De Giorgi V., Salvini C., Massi D., Raspollini M.R., Carli P.: Vulvar basal cell carcinoma of the vulva: a retrospective study and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 97:192-4
5. De Hullu J.A., Hollema H., Piers D.A., Verheijen R.H., van Diest P.J., Mourits M.J., Aalders J.G, van Der Zee A.G.: Sentinel lymph node procedure is highly accurate in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:2911-16
6. De Hullu J.A., Van der Zee A.G.: Surgery and radiotherapy in vulvar cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 60:38-58
7. Devaja O., Mehra G., Coutts M., Adamson S., Montalto S.A., Donaldson J., Papadopoulos A.J.: A prospective study of sentinel lymph node detection in vulval carcinoma: is it time for a change in clinical practice? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011; 21:559-64
8. DiSaia P.J., Creasman W.T., Rich W.M.: An alternative approach to early cancer of the vulva. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 133:825-31
9. Edge S.B., Byrd D.R., Compton C.C.et al. (Eds).: Vulva. In: American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 7th, Springer, New York 2010, p. 379
10. Farias-Eisner R., Cirisano F.D., Grouse D. et al.: Conservative and individualized surgery for early squamous carcinoma of the vulva: the treatment of choice for stage I and II (T1-2N0-1M0) disease. Gynecol Oncol 1994; 53:55
11. Faught W., SOGC/GOC/SCC Policy and Practice Guidelines Committee, Jeffrey J., Bryson P., Dawson L., Helewa M., Kwon J., Lau S., Lotocki R., Provencher D. Management of squamous cell cancer of the vulva. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006; 28:640-51
12. Gaarenstrom K.N., Kenter G.G., Trimbos J.B., Agous I., Amant F., Peters A.A., Vergote I.: Postoperative complications after vulvectomy and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy using seperate groin incisions. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003; 13:522-7
13. Ghurani G.B., Penalver M.A.: An update on vulvar cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:294-9
14. Gonzalez Bosquet J., Kinney W.K., Russel A.H., Gaffey T.A., Magrina J.F., Podratz K.C.: Risk of occult inguinofemoral lymph node metastasis from squamous carcinoma of the vulva. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:419
15. Hacker N.F.: Vulvar cancer. In: Berek J.S., Hacker N.F., eds.: Practical gynecologic oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005
16. Hacker N.F., Leuchter R.S., Berek J.S., Castaldo T.W., Lagasse L.D.. Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy through separate groin incisions. Obstet Gynecol 1981; 58:574-9
17. Hacker N.F., Nieberg R.K., Berek J.S., Leuchter R.S., Lucas W.E., Tamimi H.K., Nolan J.F., Moore J.G., Lagasse L.D.: Superficially invasive vulvar cancer with nodal metastases. Gynecol Oncol 1983; 15:65-77
18. Hampl M., Deckers-Figiel S.T., Hampl J.A., Rein D., Bender H.G.: New aspects of vulvar cancer: Changes in localization and age of onset. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 109:340-345
19. Hampl M., Hantschmann P., Michels W., Hillemanns P.: German multicenter study group. Validation of the accuracy of the sentinel lymph node procedure in patients with vulvar cancer: Results of a multicenter study in Germany. Gynecol Oncol 2008 Sep 18
20. Hildesheim A., Han C.L., Brinton L.A., Kurman R.J., Schiller J.T.: Human papillomavirus type 16 and risk of preinvasive and invasive vulvar cancer: results from a seroepidemiological case-control study. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90:748
21. Homesley H.D., Bundy B.N., Sedlis A., Adcock L.: Radiation therapy versus pelvic node resection for carcinoma of the vulva with positive groin nodes. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 68:733-4
22. Hopkins M.P., Reid G.C., Johnston C.M., Morley G.W.: A comparison of staging systems for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol 1992; 47 (1):34-7
23. Hruby G.; MacLeod C., Firth I.: Radiation treatment in recurrent squamous cell cancer of the vulva. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 46:1193
24. Insinga R.P., Liaw K.L., Johnson L.G., Madeleine M.M.: A systematic review oft he prevalence and attribution of human papilloma virus types among cervical, vaginal, and vulvar precancers and cancers in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17:1611
25. Iversen T., Tretli S.: Intraepithelial and invasive squamous cell neoplasia of the vulva: trends in incidence, recurrence, and survival rate on Norway. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91:969-72
26. Siegel R., Ward E., Brawley O., Jemal A.: Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:212
27. Jones R.W., Baranyai J., Stables S.: Trends in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: the influence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:1319-26
28. Joura E.A., Leodolter S., Hernandez-Avila M., Wheeler C.M., Perez G., Koutsky L.A., Garland S.M., Harper D.M., Tang G.W., Ferris D.G., Steben M., Jones R.W., Bryan J., Taddeo F.J., Bautista O.M., Esser M.T., Sings H.L., Nelson M., Boslego J.W., Sattler C., Barr E., Paavonen J.: Efficacy of a quadrivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions: a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials. Lancet 2007 May 19; 369(9574):1693-702
29. Joura E.A., Losch A., Haider-Angeler M.G., Breitenecker G., Leodolter S.: Trends in vulvar neoplasia. Increasing incidence of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in young women. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:613-5
30. Judson P., Habermann E., Baxter N., Durham S., Virnig B.: Trends in the incidence of invasive and in situ vulvar carcinoma. Obstet Gyncol 2006; 107(5):1018-22
31. Le T., Elsugi R., Hopkins L., Faught W., Fung-Kee-Fung M.: The definition of optimal inguinal femoral nodal dissection in the management of vulva squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:2128
32. Levenback C., Coleman R.L., Burke T.W., Bodurka-Bevers D., Wolf J.K., Gershenson D.M.: Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification with blue dye in patients with vulvar cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 83:276-81
33. Madeleine M.M., Daling J.R., Carter J.J., Wipf G.C., Schwartz S.M., McKnight B. et al.: Cofactors with human
papillomavirus in a population-based study of vulvar cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:1516-23
34. Madsen B., Jensen H., van den Brule A., Wohlfahrt J., Frisch M.: Risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the
vulva and vagina – Population-based case-control study in Denmark. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2827-34
35. Maggino T., Landoni F., Sartori E. et al.: Patterns of recurrence in patients with squamous cell cancer of the vulva. A
multicenter CTF Study. Cancer 2000; 89:116
36. Meffert J.J., Davis B.M., Grimwood R.E.: Lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32:393-416
37. National Cancer Institute. SEER public use data 1973-2001. 2004 Available at: www.seer.cancer.gov. Retrieved February 9, 2006
38. Nuovo G.J., Delvenne P., MacConnell P., Chalas E., Neto C., Mann W.J.: Correlation of histology and detection of human papillomavirus DNA in vulvar cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1991; 43:275-80
39. Oonk M.J., van Hemel B.M., Hollema H., de Hullu J.A., Ansink A.C., Vergote I., Verheijen R.H., Maggioni A., Gaarenstroom K.N., Baldwin P.J., van Dorst E.B., van der Velden J., Hermans R.H., van der Putten H.W., Drouin P., Runnebaum I.B., Sluiter W.J., van der Zee AG.: Size of sentinel-node metastasis and chances of non-sentinel-node involvement and survival in early stage vulvar cancer: results from GROINSS-V, a multicentre observational study. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11:646-52
40. Paladini D., Cross P., Lopes A., Monaghan J.M.: Prognostic significance of lymph node variables in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Cancer 1994; 74:2491-6
41. Parthasarathy A., Cheung M.K., Osann K., Husain A., Teng N.N., Berek J.S., Kapp D.S., Chan J.K.: The benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy in single-node-positive squamous cell vulvar carinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 103:1095-9
42. Pecorelli S.: Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 105:103-4
43. Puig-Tintoré L.M., Ordi J., Vidal-Sicart S., Lejárcegui J.A., Torné A., Pahisa J., Iglesias X.: Further data on the usefulness of sentinel lymph node identification and ultrastaging in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 88:29-34
44. Sedlis A., Homesley H., Bundy B.N., Marshall R., Yordan E., Hacker N., Lee J.H. et al.: Positive groin lymph nodes in superficial squamous cell vulvar cancer. A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156:1159-64
45. Selman T.J., Luesley D.M., Acheson N. et al.: A systematic review of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for inguinal lymph node status in vulvar cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 99:206
46. Shylasree T.S., Bryant A., Howells R.E.: Chemoradiation for advanced primary vulval cancer. Chochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 13:CD003752
47. Sliutz G., Reinthaller A., Lantzsch A., Mende T., Sinzinger H., Kainz C., Koelbl H.T. et al.: Lymphatic mapping of sentinel nodes in early vulvar cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 84:449-52
48. UICC. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 6th Edition. Ed.: Sobin L.H., Wittekind Ch. 2002, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey
49. Van der Velden J., Ansing A.: Primary groin irradiation versus primary groin surgery for early vulvar cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (4):CD002224. Review
50. Van der Zee A.G., Oonk M.H., De Hullu J.A., Ansink A.C., Vergote I. et al.: Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:884-9
51. van Doorn H.C., Ansink A., Verhaar-Langereis M., Stalpers L.: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for advanced primary vulvar cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Jul 19; 3:CD003752
52. Van der Zee A.G., Oonk M.H., De Hullu J.A., Ansink A.C., Vergote I. et al.: Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:884-9
53. Vulva. In: American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2002, pp 243-9
54. Weiderpass E., Ye W., Tamimi R., Trichopolous D., Nyren O., Vainio H., Adami H.O.: Alcoholism and risk for cancer of the cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:899-901

